2 Kings 25:23

Authorized King James Version

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And when all the captains of the armies, they and their men, heard that the king of Babylon had made Gedaliah governor, there came to Gedaliah to Mizpah, even Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and Johanan the son of Careah, and Seraiah the son of Tanhumeth the Netophathite, and Jaazaniah the son of a Maachathite, they and their men.

Original Language Analysis

וַיִּשְׁמְעוּ֩ heard H8085
וַיִּשְׁמְעוּ֩ heard
Strong's: H8085
Word #: 1 of 31
to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
כָל H3605
כָל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 2 of 31
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
שָׂרֵ֨י And when all the captains H8269
שָׂרֵ֨י And when all the captains
Strong's: H8269
Word #: 3 of 31
a head person (of any rank or class)
הַֽחֲיָלִ֜ים of the armies H2428
הַֽחֲיָלִ֜ים of the armies
Strong's: H2428
Word #: 4 of 31
probably a force, whether of men, means or other resources; an army, wealth, virtue, valor, strength
הֵ֣מָּה H1992
הֵ֣מָּה
Strong's: H1992
Word #: 5 of 31
they (only used when emphatic)
וְהָֽאֲנָשִׁ֗ים H376
וְהָֽאֲנָשִׁ֗ים
Strong's: H376
Word #: 6 of 31
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
כִּֽי H3588
כִּֽי
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 7 of 31
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
הִפְקִ֤יד governor H6485
הִפְקִ֤יד governor
Strong's: H6485
Word #: 8 of 31
to visit (with friendly or hostile intent); by analogy, to oversee, muster, charge, care for, miss, deposit, etc
מֶֽלֶךְ that the king H4428
מֶֽלֶךְ that the king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 9 of 31
a king
בָּבֶל֙ of Babylon H894
בָּבֶל֙ of Babylon
Strong's: H894
Word #: 10 of 31
babel (i.e., babylon), including babylonia and the babylonian empire
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 11 of 31
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
גְּדַלְיָ֖הוּ had made Gedaliah H1436
גְּדַלְיָ֖הוּ had made Gedaliah
Strong's: H1436
Word #: 12 of 31
gedaljah, the name of five israelites
וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ there came H935
וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ there came
Strong's: H935
Word #: 13 of 31
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 14 of 31
near, with or among; often in general, to
גְּדַלְיָ֖הוּ had made Gedaliah H1436
גְּדַלְיָ֖הוּ had made Gedaliah
Strong's: H1436
Word #: 15 of 31
gedaljah, the name of five israelites
הַמִּצְפָּ֑ה to Mizpah H4709
הַמִּצְפָּ֑ה to Mizpah
Strong's: H4709
Word #: 16 of 31
mitspah, the name of two places in palestine
וְיִשְׁמָעֵ֣אל even Ishmael H3458
וְיִשְׁמָעֵ֣אל even Ishmael
Strong's: H3458
Word #: 17 of 31
jishmael, the name of abraham's oldest son, and of five israelites
בֶּן the son H1121
בֶּן the son
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 18 of 31
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
נְתַנְיָ֡ה of Nethaniah H5418
נְתַנְיָ֡ה of Nethaniah
Strong's: H5418
Word #: 19 of 31
nethanjah, the name of four israelites
וְיֽוֹחָנָ֣ן and Johanan H3110
וְיֽוֹחָנָ֣ן and Johanan
Strong's: H3110
Word #: 20 of 31
jochanan, the name of nine israelites
בֶּן the son H1121
בֶּן the son
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 21 of 31
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
קָ֠רֵחַ of Careah H7143
קָ֠רֵחַ of Careah
Strong's: H7143
Word #: 22 of 31
kareach, an israelite
וּשְׂרָיָ֨ה and Seraiah H8304
וּשְׂרָיָ֨ה and Seraiah
Strong's: H8304
Word #: 23 of 31
serajah, the name of nine israelites
בֶּן the son H1121
בֶּן the son
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 24 of 31
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
תַּנְחֻ֜מֶת of Tanhumeth H8576
תַּנְחֻ֜מֶת of Tanhumeth
Strong's: H8576
Word #: 25 of 31
tanchumeth, an israelite
הַנְּטֹֽפָתִ֗י the Netophathite H5200
הַנְּטֹֽפָתִ֗י the Netophathite
Strong's: H5200
Word #: 26 of 31
a netophathite, or inhabitant of netophah
וְיַֽאֲזַנְיָ֙הוּ֙ and Jaazaniah H2970
וְיַֽאֲזַנְיָ֙הוּ֙ and Jaazaniah
Strong's: H2970
Word #: 27 of 31
jaazanjah, the name of four israelites
בֶּן the son H1121
בֶּן the son
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 28 of 31
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
הַמַּ֣עֲכָתִ֔י of a Maachathite H4602
הַמַּ֣עֲכָתִ֔י of a Maachathite
Strong's: H4602
Word #: 29 of 31
a maakathite, or inhabitant of maakah
הֵ֖מָּה H1992
הֵ֖מָּה
Strong's: H1992
Word #: 30 of 31
they (only used when emphatic)
וְאַנְשֵׁיהֶֽם׃ H376
וְאַנְשֵׁיהֶֽם׃
Strong's: H376
Word #: 31 of 31
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

Analysis & Commentary

And when all the captains of the armies, they and their men, heard that the king of Babylon had made Gedaliah governor, there came to Gedaliah to Mizpah, even Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and Johanan the son of Careah, and Seraiah the son of Tanhumeth the Netophathite, and Jaazaniah the son of a Maachathite, they and their men.

This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 25: Covenant curses fulfilled completely. The reference to kingship reminds readers that all human authority is subordinate to God's ultimate kingship. As Judah approaches exile, these events fulfill prophetic warnings and demonstrate that God's patience with covenant violation is not infinite.

The narrative demonstrates God's justice in judging covenant unfaithfulness while maintaining His ultimate purposes for redemption.

Historical Context

Historical Setting: 2 Kings 25 takes place during the final collapse of Judah and Babylonian exile, early 6th century BCE, 605-586 BCE. The chapter's theme (Fall of Jerusalem and Temple Destruction) reflects the historical reality of the final collapse of Judah, destruction of Jerusalem and the temple, and exile to Babylon as covenant curses are fully realized. Archaeological evidence from this period includes royal inscriptions, administrative documents, and material culture that corroborate the biblical account while providing additional context for understanding the political and social dynamics at work.

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